Delve into female mangers to be entrepreneurs

 

Organisation to flourish women should have a role to play in management and it becomes an important to take decisions in senior managerial positions in the company. 

In the era of globalization and other competitive pressures, organizations have experienced streamlining and separation of functions to reduce the structure that supports traditional careers. 

Women apply their careers differently from men.  In particular, they are in the benefits of transitioning the structure of the organization and the beginning of boundaryless careers.  High involvement of women in employment could be seen from the ILO report in 2010. There was an increase in the participation of female workers in 1980 and 2008 from 50,2% to 51,7% (ILO, 2011).

It has been in their lives, especially balancing family and work since both of these roles require them to take part. In their work, they are required to make many decisions. With the complexity of the dual role, they can run both professions as housewives and office employees. 

When work roles and family roles are incompatible, work-family conflicts can occur.  When an individual prefers to work, she or he will potentially experience problems of meeting the obligations and needs in the family.  Thus, women prefer to look for a new career that is more flexible when they feel that their life patterns and rhythms are not appropriate. 

Careers are seen as volatile conditions.  The emerging forms of careers do not provide opportunities for women to occupy a higher management level than men. This lack of opportunity compels women to make career changes to entrepreneurship. There is an increase in women’s interest in opening their businesses or entrepreneurship. 

The cause of women’s career transition occurs due to organizational context like salary inequality, career frustration.  Career transition is caused by two things:

• Voluntarily - means that career transitions are carried out purely on a personal/individual basis.
• Involuntarily - based on an element of compulsion formed by the individual or environmental constraints.

In the current career context, the career transition to entrepreneurship is due to realizing more independent choices.  Career transition can be in the form of:

• job transfers or moving work areas
• promotion
• demotion
• accelerated retirement

The term of career transition is equal to a career change. It is defined as the main changes that occur to the needs of work roles and work contexts and as part of the process of changing work or changing one’s orientation from his or her new job. 

Career change is caused by someone wanting to generalize or the emergence of new opportunities. 

It may be that a person’s tendency to make the transition from organizational work and build a business is a change in a more mature model of independence. 

Women with business ownership reached 14%.  The achieved value of 14% made Indonesia rank 20 out of 65 countries.  It is quite evident that women’s participation in entrepreneurship increased. 

When we are talking about women in entrepreneurship that can function as challengers of old thoughts about entrepreneurship, motivation for entrepreneurship, and a measure of success in entrepreneurship.

In connection with the career transition, it emphasizes how women move careers from the previous employee to self-employment or become entrepreneurs.  Now the career has changed a lot from traditional ones to new look based more on continuous and identity change called the way of the heart. 

Mostly, women in middle and senior positions tend to leave a career for entrepreneurship when having difficulty in developing a career.  In the current scenario, women’s transition from professional and managerial careers in organization to self-employment or to become female entrepreneurs.  Their determinations are in the business world.

There are several main criteria. First, an entrepreneur is defined as an individual that starts a business, has at least 50% business ownership, and is actively involved in management. Second, they have management experience in the company for at least five years. Third, career transitions are purely based on their willingness (voluntarily) and become entrepreneurs.

To become an entrepreneur is challenging but most of them are wanting to be entrepreneurs. One can see the there is a freedom as an entrepreneur, independent in terms of managing time and fund and making policies.  It is the process of study more and keep learning. 

Entrepreneurship is not done by alone, it needs strong encouragement and family support.  So, if she is leaving her career, the family becomes a booster to be more independent. 

Mothers’ status as one of the factors that lead to their career transition.  The main factor is personal and professional life balance.  The essence of their conflict is the happiness and well-being of children, the success of the organization, and their self-esteem as mothers and professional workers.

In entrepreneurship, they hope to achieve a balance that is not given to them when working in organizations and they can explore creativity, talent and skills.

Different value systems and principles between individuals and companies encourage women to develop careers outside the organization. It is also how women’s motivation leaves their professional careers to start a business based on the persuasion of social capital, financial capital, and human capital.

The main purpose is to find out about women’s motivation in making a career transition to starting their business.

In order to be an entrepreneur the factor needs to be categorized -- strong encouragement and family support, professional and personal life balance, organizational life, values, integrity, partner ties, mentor ties, and human capital.

Strong entrepreneurship and family support stimulate them to make a career transition. Aside from independence, the need for more flexibility and autonomy also contributes to career transition.

Women’s nature as mothers that must educate and care for children and the demands of a balance between mothers and their responsibilities as professional workers cause family conflicts. This condition also causes them to change careers.

Although, in reality, there are still challenges and obstacles for women in entrepreneurship.  it is necessary to examine the effects of career transitions before, during, and after choosing a career as an entrepreneur. 

It is also essential to examine how the balance of professional and personal lives of female entrepreneurs. When they have felt the pleasant or unpleasant effects of the transition process, it will affect their satisfaction, performance, and achievement in entrepreneurship.